Cameroon’s President Paul Biya’s month-long absence from the general public eye is inflicting intense hypothesis about his well being and elevating fears of a post-Biya energy battle amongst political factions within the central African nation.
Biya, who has lengthy confronted well being suspicions, typically disappears for weeks on finish, solely to resurface once more. The lengthy absences negatively impression the day-to-day operating of a rustic going through a number of challenges, together with a secessionist battle within the west, and a militant battle within the north, analysts say.
Right here’s what to find out about Biya’s disappearances and why Cameroonians are anxious a few post-Biya interval:
Why are there speculations?
Biya has not appeared in public since September 8, after he attended the China-Africa discussion board, together with a number of of the continent’s leaders, in Beijing.
Ouverture officielle, ce 5 septembre 2024, du Discussion board sur la Coopération Sino-Africaine.
J’ai suivi avec consideration, le programme en dix factors exposé par S.E. Xi Jinping dans le cadre de la imaginative and prescient d’un partenariat stratégique international avec l’Afrique.#PaulBiya#Cameroun#FOCAC2024 pic.twitter.com/Cq6OSp8Au9— President Paul BIYA (@PR_Paul_BIYA) September 5, 2024
The president has cancelled attendances at a number of high-level engagements the place he was anticipated. He didn’t attend the United Nations Normal Meeting in September. He additionally didn’t seem on the Worldwide Organisation of La Francophonie, a summit of French-speaking nations, which was held on October 4 in Paris.
Civil society teams and opposition leaders in Cameroon have known as for readability on Biya’s whereabouts. Christian Ntimbane, a lawyer and politician who intends to run within the coming 2025 presidential elections, wrote an open letter to officers saying, “If he’s on trip, say so. If he’s sick, say that too.”
Earlier than his disappearance, Biya was scheduled for a summer time of diplomacy, beginning with the July opening ceremony of the Olympics in Paris. On August 15, he additionally attended a ceremony marking the eightieth anniversary of the Allied events’ touchdown in Provence, southern France, through the second World Conflict.
Analysts say his absence is telling. Particularly when the nation stands at a crossroads: a secessionist battle for an unbiased Ambazonia within the English-speaking west has raged since 2017, resulting in the demise of a minimum of 6,000 individuals, and the displacement of 700,000 others in accordance with the Worldwide Disaster Group.
Within the north, the armed group Boko Haram, initially primarily based in neighbouring Nigeria, has for years expanded its operations, launching large-scale incursions into Cameroon. In the meantime, many individuals within the nation are jobless, because the nation faces excessive meals and vitality costs from its reliance on unstable oil income, in accordance to the World Financial institution.
What has the federal government stated?
Officers initially tried to minimize Biya’s absence from public occasions, saying that he’s in good well being in Switzerland – the place he’s believed to have gone to after the discussion board in Beijing.
Communications Minister Rene Sadi stated in an announcement early in October that speculations and rumours in regards to the president’s well being have “no reference to actuality” and are “pure fantasy”. Sadi added, “The top of state is doing effectively and can return to Cameroon within the subsequent few days.”
Nevertheless, these assurances have had little impact. On October 9, Inside Minister Paul Atanga Nji banned Cameroonian media from “debate” and reporting on Biya’s well being, saying it was a safety concern, and that it “disturbed the tranquility” of Cameroonians.
In a letter addressed to regional governors of the nation’s 10 provinces, Nji stated additional discussions of the president’s well being can be punished, warning that anybody violating the order would “face the total power of the regulation”. Nji additionally ordered the governors to arrange “monitoring cells” to observe on-line content material.
Journalists and media within the nation and past have condemned the ban as an try to silence the press. Though it’s not unusual for journalists to be focused or arrested within the nation, a selected rule banning dialogue of Biya’s well being is new territory, analysts say.
“Attempting to cover behind nationwide safety on such a serious concern of nationwide significance is outrageous,” Angela Quintal, Africa program head on the Committee to Shield Journalists (CPJ), a media rights advocacy group, stated in an announcement.
How frequent is that this for Cameroon?
This isn’t the primary time the president has been absent for weeks, neither is it new for Cameroonians to face uncertainty over his well being.
At 91, Biya is Africa’s second-longest-serving chief. He got here to energy in 1982 and is barely Cameroon’s second president since independence from France in 1960. His 42-year reign is second solely to 82-year-old Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, who has held energy in Equatorial Guinea for 45 years.
Biya’s lengthy absences from public eye and his palace in Cameroon’s capital Yaounde have earned him the nickname “roaming president”. A five-star lodge in Geneva, Switzerland, is understood to be Biya’s favorite vacation spot. It’s speculated that he undergoes medical remedy within the European nation, but additionally goes on buying sprees. His spouse, Chantal Biya, is legendary for her costly style.
By 2018 Biya had, excluding official journeys, spent the equal of 4 and a half years away on “temporary personal visits” to Europe, in accordance with an investigation by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Venture (OCCRP). In 2006 and 2009, the president spent as a lot as a 3rd of the yr exterior the nation, in accordance with investigators. The OCCRP discovered {that a} day’s keep at his most popular lodge in Geneva, together with that of his official entourage, prices about $40,000.
The extended absence “creates a governance vacuum, characterised by decision-making paralysis and elevated bureaucratic inefficiency,” democracy activist Kathleen Ndongmo instructed Al Jazeera. “Nobody actually is aware of who’s main the nation. This lack of clear management constantly erodes public belief, fuels political instability, and undermines accountability,” she added.
In 2016, when attorneys and lecturers from the Anglophone areas within the west protested towards alleged discrimination by the predominantly French-speaking authorities, Biya was absent—at the same time as safety forces opened hearth on the protesters. The crackdown escalated right into a battle in 2017 between separatist teams and the Cameroonian authorities, which continues to be persevering with.
Biya’s absences have solely develop into extra pronounced, with most residents having to depend on uncommon, televised addresses to see him.
A political battle within the making?
With the president’s elevated absences, some within the nation are anxious a few potential battle between factions of the nation’s political elite who wish to rule in a post-Biya Cameroon.
Though Cameroon has a multi-party system, and there are periodic common elections, Biya’s ruling Cameroon Individuals’s Democratic Motion (CPDM) has at all times swept the polls and dominated the federal government.
However Biya just isn’t recognized to have groomed anybody particularly as a potential successor. There are sturdy speculations that his son Franck Biya, is likely to be the favoured candidate, however the son is understood to maintain a low profile, revealing little about any political ambitions. Final October, the 53-year-old visited the positioning of a landslide that killed 30 individuals in Yaounde – though he occupies no official place. He didn’t converse to the press through the go to, including one other layer of confusion.
Opposition events have spoken out strongly towards a continued Biya dynasty. In the meantime, native studies recommend that throughout the ruling CPDM celebration, leaders have neither endorsed nor spoken out towards a possible Biya junior candidacy. Some officers of the celebration and its many smaller allied events, have ‘urged’ Biya senior to run once more for one more time period.
“Cameroon is an opaque cesspool the place even the important thing gamers are unable to articulate the ‘massive image’ manoeuvres that they’re ensnared in,” democracy activist Ndongmo stated, including that there’s already a “civil battle” throughout the regime over succession.
“The scheming is relentless, with camps altering by the day. The post-Biya period won’t be fairly if a faction doesn’t doesn’t find yourself being a transparent winner by then,” she stated.
